Strategi Structure
Structure and Written Expression
What Is the Overall TOEFL Exam
Pattern?
The TOEFL iBT is a four-hour,
computerized test with four sections: Reading, Listening, Speaking, and
Writing. You’ll use one main skill for each section (so
on Reading you’ll read passages and on Listening you’ll listen to audio clips),
with some questions or tasks requiring the use of multiple skills.
All sections are timed. You’ll
always have 20 minutes on Speaking and 50 minutes on Writing.
However, the Reading and Listening
sections vary in length due to unscored, experimental questions. Reading ranges
from 60 to 80 minutes long, while Listening ranges from 60 to 90 minutes
long. There will be no indication telling you which questions are
experimental and which ones aren’t, so don’t spend too much time
worrying about this—just try your best on all questions!
Finally, you’ll have one
10-minute break in the middle of the test, between the Listening and
Speaking sections. This break is mandatory, meaning you must take
it. You may take other breaks during the test, but you will not be able
to pause the timer for these.
The following table highlights the
overall TOEFL test pattern, including the order of the sections, how long each
section is, and how many questions each section contains:
|
Section
|
Order
|
Time
|
#
of Questions
|
Details
|
|
Reading
|
1
|
60-80 mins
|
36-56 questions
|
Read 3-4 passages and answer
questions
|
|
Listening
|
2
|
60-90 mins
|
34-51 questions
|
Listen to 4-6
lectures and 2-3 conversations and answer questions
|
|
Break
|
3
|
10 mins
|
—
|
—
|
|
Speaking
|
4
|
20 mins
|
6 tasks
|
Answer prompts
about familiar topics, campus situations, and academic course content
|
|
Writing
|
5
|
50 mins
|
2 tasks
|
Compare a passage and a lecture;
write about your opinion
|
|
TOTAL
|
—
|
About
4 hrs
|
—
|
—
|
Source: ETS.org
You may take notes on all sections of the exam. A
test center administrator will give you scratch paper and pencils to use.
You’ll also get a headset with a microphone to use for listening to audio clips
and recording your Speaking responses.
Each section is scored out of 30
points and then combined for a total
TOEFL score out of 120. For more information about TOEFL scoring,
check out our guide. You’ll receive your scores in your official score report online about 10 days after your
test date.
TOEFL Exam Pattern: Listening
Section
Like Reading, Listening varies in
its length and number of questions due to the possibility of getting unscored,
experimental questions. This section can range from 60 minutes and 34 questions
long to 90 minutes and 51 questions long.
Listening tests you on your
English-listening skills. In total, you’ll listen to four to six lectures and
two to three conversations. Each lecture lasts three to five minutes and comes
with six questions, while each conversation lasts about three minutes and comes
with five questions. You will hear each audio clip only once.
As you listen to a clip, you’ll
usually get to see a picture of the speaker(s) on-screen. Here’s an example:
During lectures, you may also see
specific terms or concepts written on a blackboard as so:
You may hear one or multiple
speakers in audio clips. You’ll
also hear different English accents (though most will be the North American
accent).
Your Listening score is first
calculated as the sum of your raw points and then converted to a final score on
a scale of 0-30. A good Listening score varies depending on what
schools you’re applying to, but usually anything above 21 (the 50th
percentile) is a good score.
Listening Question Types
There are three question types on
Listening: standard multiple choice, multiple answer, and Replay. We discuss
each of these below.
Multiple Choice
This is your basic multiple-choice
question and by far the most common question type you’ll see on Listening. Each
question is worth 1 raw point and comes with four answer choices and one
correct answer.
Multiple Answer
This second question type is similar
to the multiple-choice question type above in that you’ll have four answers to
choose from; however, you may select more than one answer choice (denoted
by boxes instead of ovals).
The question will tell you how
many answers to select (usually two). You get 1 raw point for each of these
questions you answer correctly. There is no partial credit for this question
type, so you must get all answers correct to get the point.
Replay
These questions replay part
of the audio clip and then ask you a multiple-choice question about
that part of the clip. Like the other Listening question, this one, too,
is worth 1 raw point.
3 Tips for Attacking the TOEFL
Listening Pattern
Here are our top three tips for
getting the most out of the TOEFL exam pattern on Listening.
#1: Take Notes as You Listen
The Listening section has you listen
to audio clips and then answer questions about them—but the hard part is
that you only get to hear the clips once (except on Replay questions). And
unlike the Reading section, you can’t skip around or go back to previous questions
or clips.
This is why it’s so important to
take notes as you listen. Doing this will help you keep track of the main
topics of the audio clips and who says what, allowing you to more easily answer
the questions that follow.
For more tips on how to take notes
on Listening, check out our guide.
#2: Pay Close Attention to Replay
Questions
Replay questions are different in
that they let you re-listen to part of the audio clip. Because the answer to
the question can be found in that particular part of the clip, pay
close attention to the replayed part.
Even if you remember most of the
audio clip or took detailed notes, really pay attention to the replayed part so
that you don’t miss any key information. The answer to the question
will be in this part of the clip specifically, so there’s no need to
go through your notes on the whole lecture or conversation.
#3: Read Questions and Answer
Choices Carefully
The Listening section pattern
doesn’t let you skip around with questions like you can on the Reading section,
so make sure you read all questions and answer choices carefully.
Don’t just choose the first answer
choice that sounds right—take time to
understand what each answer choice means, and then choose the one that most
clearly and accurately answers the question. If an answer choice sounds
right but doesn’t exactly answer the question, it’s probably wrong!
What Is the Paper-Delivered TOEFL
Test Pattern?
We’ve gone over everything you need
to know about the TOEFL exam pattern—but what about the paper-delivered TOEFL?
This version of the TOEFL is only
offered in areas where the TOEFL iBT (or “Internet-based test”) is
unavailable. Most people take the TOEFL iBT, but if
you’re taking the paper TOEFL, it’s important to familiarize yourself with its
pattern and see how it differs from the TOEFL iBT.
Here is a brief overview of the
paper-TOEFL test pattern:
|
Section
|
Order
|
Time
|
#
of Questions
|
|
Listening
|
1
|
60 mins
|
34
|
|
Reading
|
2
|
60 mins
|
42
|
|
Writing
|
3
|
50 mins
|
2 tasks
|
|
TOTAL
|
—
|
About
3 hrs
|
—
|
Source: ETS.org
As you can see, though the two
TOEFL versions share many similarities, they’re not 100 percent identical.
Below are some of the key ways the paper TOEFL differs from the TOEFL iBT:
- It doesn’t have a Speaking section: Since you can’t record your responses without a computer, there is no feasible way to recreate the Speaking section on the paper test.
- It doesn’t have any experimental questions: On the TOEFL iBT, you’ll have unscored questions on either the Reading or Listening section, but you won’t get any such questions on the paper TOEFL. Thus, all Reading and Listening questions you get on the paper TOEFL will count toward your final score.
- It’s a full hour shorter than the TOEFL iBT: Without a Speaking section and experimental questions, the paper TOEFL is about an hour shorter (three hours) than the TOEFL iBT (four hours).
- Listening comes before Reading: On the TOEFL iBT, Reading comes first and Listening comes second, but these two sections switch positions on the paper TOEFL.
- It doesn’t have a 10-minute break (or any break at all): Because the paper TOEFL is shorter than the TOEFL iBT, there is no mandatory break in the middle of the test. In other words, you must take the entire paper TOEFL in one sitting.
Recap: What the TOEFL Exam
Pattern Means for You
The TOEFL test pattern is generally
the same for all test takers: you
start with the Reading and Listening sections, have a quick 10-minute break,
and then move to the Speaking and Writing sections. Depending on which section
you get experimental questions, you’ll have either a longer Reading or
Listening section.
Ultimately, the best way to prepare
for the TOEFL pattern is to understand the format of each section and
question type. You can then use this information to help you figure
out how to approach different questions, take notes efficiently, and get more
questions right.
Example Questions (Structure and Written Expression):
1. _____ the demands
of aerospace, medicine, and agriculture, aengineers, are creating exotic new
metallic substances.
A. Meet
B. Being met are
C. To meet
D. They are meeting
Answer : C. To meet
Pola infinitive
phrase: to infinitive + object of to infinitive
The sentence states the purpose or purpose. Then it is needed for the infinitive phrase. So
the choice of the right phrase to fill the pass is to meet.
2. _______ James A.
Bland, “Carry Me Back to Old Virginny” was adopted is the state song of
Virginia in 1940.
A. Was written
B. His writing was
C. He wrote the
D. Written by
Answer : D. Written by
The sentence above requires Adjective Phrase to describe
the noun "Carry Me Back to Old Virgin". The
most appropriate effective phrase is Written by. Why is
it called an effective phrase, because the past participle (V3) which is not
accompanied by the form be or have is an objective.
3. Mary Garden,
______ the early 1900’s was considered one of the best singing actresses of her
time.
A. A soprano was
popular
B. In a popular
soprano
C. Was a popular
soprano
D. A popular soprano
in
Answer : D. A popular soprano in
The sentence in the question requires Appositive Phrase.
Mary Garden and appositive phrase (a popular soprano) have the
same meaning. Then the right answer is a popular soprano
in.
4. In the realm of
psychological theory Margaret F. Washburn was a dualist _____ that motor phenomena
have an essential role in psychology.
A. Who she believed
B. Who believed
C. Believed
D. Who did she
believe
Answer : B. Who believed
Pola adjective clause : (Conj. + S + V).
To explain a noun a dualist then the right clause is who
believed.
5. The packages
______ mailed at the post office will arrive Monday
A. Have
B. Were
C. Them
D. Just
Answer : D. Just
Because if we trace the sentence in the question there is
a verb (will arrive) and there is no conjungtion. So, we
only need a complement. Answers (a) and (b) are verbs,
while answers (c) are subject. If the answer (c) is
entered in the sentence there will be a double subject and they have no
function in the sentence.
6. _______ was backed
up for miles on the freeway
A.
Yesterday
B.
In
the morning
C.
Traffic
D.
Cars
Answer : C. Traffic
Because the above sentence already has a verb (was
backed) and no conjunctions, so based on the rules we only need a subject.
Answers (a) and (b) are adverbs, while answers (d) do not match the
sentence.
7. __________,George,
is attending the lecture
A.
Right
now
B.
Happily
C.
Because
of the time
D.
My
friend
Answer : D. My friend
Because the sentence has 1 verb (is attending) and no
conjunctions, while George is Appositife. So, the
sentence requires a subject, namely My friends. For
answers (a) is a statement, (b) is Adverb, (c) is a preposition.
8. Engineers________
for work on the new space program
A.
Necessary
B.
Are
needed
C.
Hopefully
D.
Next
month
Answer : B. Are needed
Engineers as subjects, but no verbs (verb) are found.
Because "are needed" is a verb. Whereas,
answers (A), (C), and (D) are not verbs, so that is not the correct answer.
9. Fitzgerald_______
the society of the 1920's in his novel, The Great Gatsby.
A.
Reflect
B.
Reflects
C.
Are
reflecting
D.
Have
reflected
Answer : B. Reflects
Because Fitzgerald is a single third person subject.
So, the verb that follows it must also be in a singular form.
10. With his
friend________ found the movie theater
A.
Has
B.
He
C.
Later
D.
When
Answer : B. He
the first thing to look at is the subject and verb (verb).
It appears that found is a verb, but no subject is found.
Don't think that friend is a subject, but friend is the object
of the preposition with. Because, one noun cannot be both
a subject and an object simultaneously. Because what is
needed in the question above is to find a subject.
Example Questions (Error Analysis):
1.
What
is the higher mountain in the world ?
a.
What
b.
Is
c.
Higher
d.
In
Answer : C
2.
I
wish my mother gives me presents more often.
a.
Wish
b.
Gives
c.
Me
d.
More
often
Answer : B
3.
Why
don’t you borrow books in the local lending library ?
a.
Why
b.
Don’t
c.
Borrow
d.
In
Answer : D
4.
He
had to admit that there were something in what mother kept saying.
a.
Admit
b.
Were
c.
What
d.
Saying
Answer
: B
5.
If
you write the essay careful, you will get good mark.
a.
If
b.
Write
c.
Careful
d.
Will
Answer : C
6.
This
text is too long for me to read it.
a.
Is
b.
Long
c.
To read
d.
It
Answer : D
7.
She
is the girl about that I talked to you yesterday.
a.
The
girl
b.
That
c.
To
d.
Yesterday
Answer : B
8.
He
warned me to make an eye on my luggage as that place was full of thieves.
a.
Me
b.
To
make
c.
On
d.
Full
Answer : B
9.
He
village that I was born and grew up is situated on the Red River.
a.
That
b.
Grew
c.
Situated
d.
On
Answer : A
10.
English
children start school in six and finish at sixteen.
a.
English
b.
Start
c.
In
d.
At
Answer : C
sumber :
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